In the December 5, 2007 Issue:

Copyright State Science & Technology Institute 2007. Redistribution to all others interested in tech-based economic development is strongly encouraged — please cite the State Science & Technology Institute whenever portions are reproduced or redirected.

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 2009 Budget Battles Loom for TBED as More States Anticipate Red Ink
Listen or read the business news media and the dreaded “R” word, recession, is back in common parlance. State revenue cycles seem to feel it first. Already, with more than a dozen states projecting budget deficits for both current and coming fiscal years, it seems certain: Spending cuts in programs and services and/or tax increases are imminent. The nationwide housing market slump, the rising cost of energy and health care, and increased state spending are cited as a just a few of the reasons for shortfalls in state budgets. The lack of a fiscal year 2008 federal budget, now nearly one-quarter over, does not help state fiscal planning.
 
In June, the Government Accountability Office released State and Local Governments: Persistent Fiscal Challenges Will Likely Emerge within the Next Decade, which found that an unexpected explosion in health-related expenditures combined with no new policy changes will result in fiscal challenges for state and local governments over at least the next 10 years (see the Aug. 8, 2007 issue of the Digest).
 
Then, last week, the U.S. Conference of Mayors released a report forecasting a continued national economic slowdown into the coming year, negatively impacting state and local revenue. Addressing the fiscal impact of the mortgage crisis, the report predicts “profound economic effects” in 2008, including a $166 billion loss in U.S. gross domestic product and 524,000 fewer jobs created across the nation. State and local government revenue sources will be affected as local property tax growth generated from real estate values slows, consumer spending on taxable goods declines, and state revenues from realty transfer fees are diminished, the report states. 
 
And today, a report released by the National Association of State Budget Officers (NASBO) finds that although state fiscal conditions remained strong for most states in FY07, state spending growth is expected to be below the historical average in FY08 and many states face significant challenges in health care expenditures. The Fall 2007 Fiscal Survey of States reports overall conditions across the states varied widely in FY07, with some states cutting taxes and increasing funding for programs while others relied on budget stabilization funds and spending cuts to address lower-than-anticipated revenues.
 
While the outlook is certainly grim, conditions are not expected to be as harsh as the 2001-03 period following the national recession, during which time states were forced to close $264 billion in budget gaps over five years, according to an article in Stateline.org. Scott Pattison, executive director of NASBO, said in the article that states enjoyed a higher-than-normal growth rate in tax revenue over the past few years and are getting back to normal rates.
 
In the coming months, governors from across the nation will present their State of the State Addresses and release their budget recommendations – a key time to unveil new and expanded TBED programs.
 
While it remains to be seen what states can and cannot afford to fund, TBED programs have proven not exempt from the chopping block when revenues were tight across the country before. Shoring up and securing client and legislative support should be happening now for most states, regardless of their financial forecast. Following is a synopsis of recent news announcing budget deficits throughout the states and possible short- and long-term solutions from state officials.
 
Arizona
With a projected $600 million shortfall in the current two-year budget cycle, Gov. Janet Napolitano’s Office of Strategic Planning and Budgeting released in September a Budget Management Plan focusing on strategies to reduce state agency spending, capital financing in place of paying cash for school construction, and tapping into the state savings account. Current projections reveal the deficit is closer to $800 million and could reach $1.5 billion by January. Gov. Napolitano announced last month that tax collections continue to run far behind what was anticipated when lawmakers passed the budget earlier this year, according to an article in the Arizona Daily Star. The article states that Gov. Napolitano plans to present lawmakers with a plan to bring the budget into balance without raising revenues.
 
California
The nonpartisan Legislative Analyst’s Office released last month the Tax Expenditures Review, revealing that under existing conditions, the state would end the current fiscal year with a $1.9 billion deficit. Additionally, the state faces an $8 billion shortfall in FY 2008-09. When the FY 2007-08 budget was enacted in August, the budget plan focused on closing the gap between general fund revenues and expenditures for the fiscal year and maintaining a $4.1 billion reserve; however, since that time, the budget situation has deteriorated by almost $6 billion, according to the report. This is attributed to continued “softness” in the state’s economy lowering forecast of revenues, lower property taxes, a likely delay in the sale of a government agency, delayed implementation of new tribal gambling compacts, and a court-ordered payment to the state’s teacher retirement system. In FY 2008-09, revenues are projected to grow by 4.6 percent, while spending is projected to grow at 7 percent. In order to balance the FY 2008-09 budget, the state will have to adopt nearly $10 billion in solutions, the report states.
 
Florida
Gov. Charlie Crist convened a special legislative session in September to address an impending budget deficit that analysts have called the worst the state has faced since 2001, according to an article in the Miami Herald. In October, lawmakers approved $1.1 billion in budget cuts to balance the current fiscal year budget. The plan included a 5 percent increase for university and community college tuition and additional cuts were made in health care and the court system. If the housing market continues to remain stagnant as predicted, economists foresee a $2.5 billion deficit for the FY09 budget year. Florida, which has no state income tax, is one of several states to be severely affected by the declining housing market because of its reliance on real estate taxes.
 
Maine
With the start of a new legislative session in January, lawmakers are challenged with filling a $95.2 million deficit in the general fund over the 2008-09 biennium. The state’s Revenue Forecasting Committee released last month its revenue projections through fiscal years ending 2011 for the general fund, highway fund, fund for a healthy Maine and medicaid-dedicated revenue taxes. While Maine has not been as severely affected by the sub-prime mortgage crisis as other states, the skyrocketing cost of oil poses a significant problem for the state’s economy, according to the document. The decrease in general fund revenue was led by sales and use tax revenues, which were down $21 million for FY08 and $19.6 million in FY09. The only major tax line to show improvement in FY08 was the individual income tax, which was raised by $18 million.
 
Maryland
Facing a $1.7 billion structural deficit, Gov. Martin O’ Malley convened a special session in October to cut spending and reform Maryland’s tax structure. Last month, the governor signed legislation containing $1.3 billion in tax increases and approved a voter referendum that allows Maryland to capture an additional $700 million in slots revenue. The measure will be placed on the ballot in November 2008. Under SB 2, the Tax Reform Act of 2007, the state sales tax and vehicle title will increase by 1 percent, the corporate income tax will be raised from 7 percent to 8.25 percent, the state income tax rates for higher income earners will be raised, and the tobacco tax will be doubled to $2 per pack of cigarettes.
 
Massachusetts
Administration and Finance Secretary Leslie Kirwan announced last month the state is facing a $1.3 billion FY09 budget shortfall, adding that the state will likely have to dip into reserves to balance this year’s budget, according to an article in the Boston Globe. The article states that Kirwan told reporters the state is suffering from a “spending problem.” Gov. Deveal Patrick has introduced in the past proposals to sanction casinos, allow more local option taxes, and raise corporate taxes. Kirwan said in the article that state agencies are facing nearly $400 million in projected deficiencies and that lottery revenue shortfalls will likely fall below $200 million. Gov. Patrick’s budget recommendation is expected in January.
 
Michigan
Fiscal analysts are predicting a budget shortfall of about $500 million in FY09, according to an article in the Detroit News. Lawmakers recently approved $1.5 billion in tax increases to fill a deficit for FY08 (see the Nov. 7, 2007 issue of the Digest). Soaring health care and prison costs and a drop in state revenue are just a few reasons for the downfall. On the upside, the state could save $200 million if changes in federal reimbursement for Medicaid occur, the article states.
 
Minnesota
Minnesota is expecting a $373 million deficit for FY 2008-09, according to a fiscal report released last week by the Minnesota Department of Finance. Gov. Tim Pawlenty said in a press release that the shortfall is manageable, amounting to approximately 1 percent of the state general fund budget. State government should halt spending and not raise taxes as a solution, Gov. Pawlenty said. The report also projects a structural shortfall of $211 million for the next biennium.
 
Nevada
Last month, a memo was issued by Andrew Klinger, director of the Nevada Department of Administration, directing an increase from 5 percent to 8 percent in the amount agencies may lose from their budget reserves. The memo explains that the Budget Division has deemed the cuts necessary based on revised projections of the general fund shortfall for FY 2008-09. The increase will reduce general fund spending by state agencies by $286.1 million. Agencies are asked to submit recommendations for making those cuts by Dec. 5. The 3 percent increase brings the total reduction in line with the projection of how much the sales and use tax will actually fall short, according to an article in Nevada Appeal. In October, the Department of Taxation released data that indicate gaming and sales tax revenue was down for the fiscal year by $21 million, and projections compiled by the State Executive Budget Division indicated lower than expected revenues for this and next fiscal year. Gov. Gibbons requested all state agencies to institute a hiring freeze and identify reductions in anticipated spending.
 
New Jersey
Gov. Jon Corzine is expected to unveil his budget proposal for FY09 in January, which is not expected to include funding for new programs as previously anticipated. New Jersey is $3 billion short for FY09, and in October, the governor asked his Cabinet to find ways to cut spending, according to The Star Ledger. State debt has doubled since 2000 and is costing about $3 billion this year, according to the article. A new proposal would pay at least half of the $32 billion in state debt by increasing highway tolls.
 
New York
The New York State budget office released last month the 2007 Joint Report Receipts and Disbursements, projecting a general fund budget gap of $4.3 billion in FY 2008-09 and $6.2 billion in 2009-10, absent gap-closing actions. Based on current data, the budget shortfall is attributed to declining revenues from Wall Street, which the state typically relies on for 20 percent of its annual tax revenues, the ongoing housing market contraction, and uncertain credit market conditions. The report forecasts that national and state economic growth will grow modestly in 2008. The revenue outlook for the current and upcoming fiscal year remains uncertain given the current economic and Wall Street turbulence, the report states.
 
Rhode Island
Rhode Island faces a budget deficit of $400 million to $450 million in the next fiscal year -- nearly double Gov. Donald Carcieri’s original projection. The state is currently facing a budget shortfall of $150 million in the current fiscal year. Last month, Gov. Carcieri released a list of 483 state positions being eliminated or targeted for elimination. The state has targeted a total of 536 positions to be eliminated either immediately or through the course of the current fiscal year. The job cuts are projected to save about $41.6 million per year beginning next fiscal year, according to the governor’s office. The goal is to achieve approximately $100 million per year in savings by reducing the size of the state workforce, beginning in FY09. The governor will consider major additional cuts to meet his legal requirement to propose a balanced state budget in the coming year. A representative from the Department of Labor and Training testified last month that job growth – particularly in the manufacturing sector – has significantly slowed, resulting in less income tax revenue, according to an Associated Press article.
 
Tennessee
Last month, the Department of Finance and Administration reported that significant corporate tax refund requests led to a $100 million shortfall in October collections. Finance and Administration Secretary Dave Goetz said in a press release, “Continuing to be conservative is critical as we begin to navigate what appears to be a softening economy.” Year-to-date collections for three months were $135.9 million less than the budgeted estimate. The state may consider using money from the reserve fund, leading to spending cuts on state programs if sales and corporate taxes do not rebound.
 
Virginia
In anticipation of a $641 million budget shortfall in its current two-year budget cycle, Virginia Gov. Tim Kaine outlined steps to cut spending earlier this year. In a speech to the Senate Finance, House Finance and House Appropriations Committee, Gov. Kaine said Virginia is seeing signs of slower rate growths in jobs and income and faces significant challenges in the next biennial budget, as expenses grow in some of the state’s largest programs. To address the shortfall, Gov. Kaine directed agencies to cut spending by 5 percent and curtail any discretionary spending. Gov. Kaine said using short-term strategies to balance the budget in the current biennium will not put the state in the position it needs to be in for the next biennium. To this end, the governor will closely examine current programs for the next budget cycle to determine if they should be changed or discontinued.

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Missouri Group Lobbies for Statewide TBED and Capital Strategy
Although Missouri frequently ranks in the top 20 states for federal research grants and academic R&D, the state consistently ranks much lower in the creation of new high-tech companies. A recent report by Dr. Mark Parry of the University of Missouri-Kansas City Bloch School of Business suggests that early-stage high-tech entrepreneurs and companies have been unable to secure sufficient capital to launch successful ventures. Part of this capital deficit has been due to a lack of state investment in capital formation and access programs, he contends. While neighboring states spent an average of $2.79 per resident in 2006 on capital formation initiatives and similar states such as Arizona, Ohio and Minnesota spent $2.94, Missouri spent only $0.10. Parry argues that this lack of spending has contributed to the state's persistent difficulty in translating its intellectual capital into new companies.
 
One problem identified by the report is that although the amount of early-stage capital under management in Missouri has increased over the past six years, the amount invested in Missouri companies has declined. Angel and venture investors are not finding high-quality deals. The state's current capital strategy, which has primarily focused on tax credits such as the Small Business Investment Credit and the New Enterprise Credit, has been successful at attracting venture firms but not at helping pre-seed and seed-stage companies develop into desirable candidates for investment.
 
Parry presents several guiding principles for a capital formation strategy in Missouri that could begin to successfully address the state's needs. The report argues that the state's investment in capital programs should be no less than $15 million annually and should focus on increasing investment in pre-seed and seed-stage companies. Also, the state's capital strategy should be embedded in an overall strategy to improve Missouri's innovation economy. This approach helps to ensure that these funds are contributing to high-tech development and effectively leveraging intellectual capital.
 
Last month, a group of representatives from Missouri companies and economic development organizations released a proposal for a statewide TBED strategy built on Parry's recommendations. The proposal, dubbed the Grow Me State Initiative, calls for the creation of a statewide blue ribbon panel of representatives from the high-tech and finance community to design a five-year strategy for technology-based development. This strategy would create new networking opportunities, facilitate the creation of new angel and sidecar funds, and seek to expand the state's TBED offerings.
 
The initiative also calls for the governing boards of Missouri's 116 state and local pension funds to focus a portion of their investments on strategic in-state companies and industries.
 
Finally, the initiative would create three new programs to support early-stage companies and investors:

To find out more about the Grow Me State Initiative and to read Dr. Mark Parry's report, Missouri’s Need for Risk Capital: An Assessment and Recommendations, visit: http://www.growmestate.com/

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Singapore Government, Private Industries Investing in Innovation
Three major announcements were made in Singapore last month focusing on R&D of new technologies and educating the workforce to produce specialized graduates in upcoming fields.
 
Development plans for Asia’s first zero-energy building (ZEB) were released by the Parliamentary Secretary for National Development. The Building and Construction Authority (BCA) will retrofit an existing building that will both house classrooms and offices and serve as a testbed for green technology research. Slated for completion in 2009, the ZEB is expected to be 60 percent more energy efficient than an average commercial building. The building will create a highly efficient complex that produces as much energy as it consumes from renewable resources.
 
The National University of Singapore will use the facilities for testing technologies that come out of the university’s research laboratories. The project is jointly funded by the Ministry of National Development and the MND Research Fund for the Built Environment. The BCA also is stepping up its efforts in industry training and will offer a new Diploma program next year in mechanical engineering, with an emphasis on green building technologies, according to a BCA press release. More information is available from the BCA at http://www.bca.gov.sg/.
 
Two private industry partnerships also were among the announcements in Singapore last month. In collaboration with Singapore institutes of higher education, IBM Corporation will offer a new multidisciplinary research and academic track through Singapore’s universities. The Service Science, Management and Engineering (SSME) discipline integrates aspects of computer science, operations research, engineering, management sciences, business strategy, social and cognitive sciences, and legal sciences.
 
SSME graduates will likely enter the field as solution designers, consultants, engineers, scientists and managers. With employment projections expected to be concentrated in the service-providing sector of the economy, the goal is to make productivity, quality, sustainability, learning rates and innovation rates more predictable across this sector, according to IBM. Further details regarding curriculum will be announced by the participating universities in March. More information on the SSME discipline is available from IBM at http://www.ibm.com/university/ssme.
 
Finally, Indiana-based Hillenbrand Industries Inc., specializing in medical technologies, recently announced that Singapore will be the site of its Asia-Pacific Innovation Center. The center will focus on R&D projects for global applications and will become a center of excellence for microelectronics embedded in software products. Singapore’s increasingly knowledge-based economy, technical talent and sophisticated healthcare institutions were cited as factors in the decision process. The announcement is available at: http://ir.hillenbrand.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=276277

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Does the U.S. Have an S&E Workforce Crisis?
One continuing challenge states and regions are attempting to overcome is adjusting their workforces in a rapidly changing, innovation-driven, global economy. The growing consensus emerging from many people examining science and technology competitiveness is that U.S. students need to be academically stronger in the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields than they are today and that the supply of graduates with a science background needs to increase. This advice comes as other countries around the world, with populations large and small, pursue this same strategy to increase the quality and quantity of future workers with backgrounds in science and technology.
 
In response to this challenge, education policies and new initiatives at the federal, state and local levels are focusing on the preparation of students for careers in science and engineering (S&E) fields. However, a report released in October questions if enacting policies to increase the number of STEM students and improve the quality of students are the most efficient means to supply the S&E workforce.
 
In Into the Eye of the Storm: Assessing the Evidence on Science and Engineering Education, Quality, and Workforce Demand, B. Lindsay Lowell from Georgetown University and Hall Salzman from the Urban Institute argue the U.S. education system actually “produces qualified graduates far in excess of demand.” Their calculations show there are about three times as many graduates with S&E degrees than S&E job openings in the U.S. each year. From a supply perspective, the authors state the absolute number of S&E graduates at all degree levels in the U.S. is increasing, as well as the proportion and number of students who finish high school. Additionally, U.S. high school students’ exposure to science and math, and the quality of American students’ science and math performance is increasing over time. In reality, the authors conclude the U.S. ranks internationally among the best countries – a contrary stance to other studies.
 
By deconstructing data collection and ranking systems used to compare countries, Lowell and Salzman claim the notion that the U.S. is falling behind its competitors is unsubstantiated. Factors that should be considered when examining the rankings and data include the collection of countries in the comparison group, how rankings are related to statistical significance, the specific subjects tested, and the differing age and school experience of students from the countries taking the tests. A more fitting description of U.S. performance, they contend, is the U.S. is not the highest performing country in any single math or science test, but is one of few countries that both is consistently above average in terms of academic performance and is steadily demonstrating academic progress across grades and a variety of subject fields over time.
 
The problem, the authors conten, is the inability of S&E companies to attract the current pool of S&E related graduates. Of course, not all graduates in S&E fields will take an S&E job as individuals alter their professional interests, act on location-specific or other related career preferences, lack the necessary qualifications for many job postings (e.g., experience), or pursue new degrees in other fields. But even considering attrition from the S&E fields, it seems there is an adequate amount of employees to fill the needs of industry, the authors conclude.
 
Lowell and Salzman encourage researchers and policymakers not only to examine the S&E workforce/graduate data in aggregate, as has been often employed in many widely circulated reports, but to consider trends and needs from a supply and demand perspective within specific S&E fields. In terms of policy development, the research may suggest increasing S&E education experience – from high school through Ph.D.s – is not as important as meeting the specific demand for limited science aptitude within the fields of industry that are seeking workers.
 
As a whole, the numbers of S&E Ph.D. graduates are continuing to escalate, as reported in an InfoBrief recently released by the National Science Foundation (NSF). It states U.S. institutions of higher education awarded 29,854 S&E doctorates in 2006, a 6.7 percent increase over 2005, resulting in a 9.6 percent increase over a 10-year period. Additionally, women attained 8.8 percent of the S&E doctorates in 2006. Non-U.S. citizens received 45.2 percent of Ph.D.s in the S&E fields.
 
The possible excessive supply of Ph.D. students was illustrated in an article from The Chronicle of Higher Education. In “The Real Science Crisis: Bleak Prospects for Young Researchers,” Richard Monastersky reports that the academic job market in science is changing faster than graduate programs can accommodate. For many Ph.D.s in the sciences, professors are having a harder time obtaining grants, and postdocs are struggling to obtain tenure-track jobs. The story cites external data describing how 70 percent of physics Ph.D.s become temporary postdocs today, compared to 42 percent in 2000. Additionally, even though the number of doctorates in biomedicine has nearly doubled in the last two decades, the number of tenured and tenure-track positions have not increased in that same period.
 
Due to increased competition for research resources, researchers are spending more time applying for grants and not receiving them. Some schools have now instituted programs known as bridge funds to prevent laboratories from closing while external funds are in short supply. Even though the number of Ph.D.s is increasing in almost all subject areas, some schools are beginning to cut back on opportunities to earn degrees. The Chronicle article reports Brown reduced its incoming class of biomedical Ph.D. students by 20 percent this year and the University of Pennsylvania by 12 percent.
 
Within each field of science and engineering, it seems the nuances of supply and demand will be affected by the availability of research grants and employment opportunities, the skill needs of emerging technologies, and the policies of universities and governments at all levels.
 
Into the Eye of the Storm: Assessing the Evidence on Science and Engineering Education, Quality, and Workforce Demand can be accessed at: http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411562_Salzman_Science.pdf
 
From NSF, U.S. Doctoral Awards in Science and Engineering Continue Upward Trend in 2006 can be found at: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf08301/nsf08301.pdf
 
The Real Science Crisis: Bleak Prospects for Young Researchers from The Chronicle of Higher Education is available at (with subscription): http://chronicle.com/weekly/v54/i04/04a00102.htm
 
Also available is a 30-minute interview from Nov. 9 edition of National Public Radio’s Science Friday radio show. The interview features a discussion on the Into the Eye of the Storm report with author Harold Salzman, and a critique by Craig Barrett, chairman of the board for the Intel Corporation, and Shirley Malcom, head of education and human resources at the American Association for the Advancement of Science. It is available at: http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=16150041

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AUTM 2006 Data Shows University Tech Transfer Creeps Upward
Nearly 700 new products resulting from university research handled by technology transfer offices reached the marketplace in FY 2006, according to the latest Association of University Technology Managers (AUTM) Survey of U.S. Licensing Activity released this week.
 
The 189 research performing institutions that participated in the survey also reported the creation of 553 start-ups during the year and almost 5,000 new licensing relationships with companies.
 
The AUTM survey provides core data for most of the empirical analysis of university tech transfer efforts. As such, it has drawn criticism in the past for what is not measured – a common complaint for measuring the impact of nearly all research and economic activity. For instance, the National Science Foundation continues to invest considerable staff time and financial resources into developing better measures of an innovation-based economy.
 
AUTM also is taking strides to improve its survey instrument. While those changes are not evident yet in the 2006 survey, the summary report suggests additional surveys and modifications to the seminal instrument are in the offing.
 
In addition to its value for impact assessment, the AUTM survey results provides information on the small investments universities are making toward commercializing university-owned technologies through their technology transfer offices. The data appendix provides summary statistics for each of the 189 responding U.S. institutions, including:

The FY 2006 U.S. and Canadian Licensing Activity Survey, with Canadian survey results being released later this month, is available at: http://autm.net/about/dsp.pubDetail2.cfm?pid=41
 
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Useful Stats
SBIR Awards, Proposals by State, FY 2006
During the past year, the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program has garnered a great deal of attention, setting the stage for a national debate over potential changes to the well known federal program – namely the issue of participation from companies with venture-capital backing. With congressional reauthorization on the horizon for next year, SSTI examined the SBIR program in-depth during a breakout session at the annual conference in October, looking at both current status and future developments.

Compiling award and proposal statistics by state for fiscal year 2006, SSTI finds the 10 states with the most awards in FY 2006 were California (725), Massachusetts (466), Virginia (221), Texas (176), Colorado (173), Maryland (169), Ohio (167), New York (163), Pennsylvania (133) and Washington (91). Compared to the top states for FY05, little changed other than Texas, Colorado and Maryland switching around fourth through sixth places and Washington edging out Michigan for the 10th slot.
 
SSTI has prepared a table showing FY 2006 Phase I SBIR data for all 50 states, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia. Statistics include awards, proposals and award-to-proposal conversion rates for 10 of the 12 participating agencies (the Department of Education and the Commerce Department's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration declined to provide proposal statistics). The table is available at: http://www.ssti.org/Digest/Tables/120507t.htm
 
SSTI’s FY01-06 SBIR statistics provide seven years of data to evaluate award, proposal and conversion trends for most agencies and comparable states. Tables containing data for fiscal years 2001-2005 are available at:
 
FY 2005: http://www.ssti.org/Digest/Tables/022607t.htm
FY 2004: http://www.ssti.org/Digest/Tables/042505t.htm
FY 2003: http://www.ssti.org/Digest/Tables/062705t.htm
FY 2002: http://www.ssti.org/Digest/Tables/090503t.htm
FY 2001: http://www.ssti.org/Digest/Tables/051002t.htm
FY 2000: http://www.ssti.org/Digest/Tables/030901t.htm (award data only)

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SSTI Job Corner
A complete description of this opportunity and others is available at http://www.ssti.org/posting.htm.

Griffin Analytical Technologies, a high-tech, high-growth chemical detection company focused on identifying chemical warfare agents and explosives and environmental monitoring applications, is seeking someone for the position of research scientist. This position is responsible, in part, for performing R&D in the chemical, explosives and bio detection areas and helping to identify funding opportunities. A Ph.D. or M.S. degree in chemistry is preferred; a B.S. degree with five-plus years of experience will be considered.

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