Source: National Science Foundation, and the U.S. Census Annual Population Estimate

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R&D as a Percentage of Gross Domestic Product by State, 2003–2008

	R&D performed/GDP (%)
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
United States	2.55	2.4	2.47	2.52	2.58	2.61
Alabama	1.95	1.94	1.86	2.07	1.98	2.87
Alaska	1.03	0.79	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.55
Arizona	1.97	1.76	1.86	1.93	1.92	2.69
Arkansas	0.67	0.62	0.6	0.61	0.65	0.75
California	4.24	3.79	3.78	3.96	4.14	4.25
Colorado	2.67	2.73	2.67	2.67	2.81	2.29
Connecticut	3.85	4.18	4.56	4.3	4.6	5.01
Delaware	2.91	2.3	2.99	2.8	2.67	2.72
District of Columbia	3.75	3.05	4.03	4.32	4.18	6.11
Florida	0.93	0.87	0.91	0.87	0.94	0.87
Georgia	1.23	1.07	1.06	1.16	1.11	1.29
Hawaii	0.94	0.94	0.9	0.85	0.92	1
Idaho	3.17	2.28	2.12	1.83	2.05	2.49
Illinois	2.16	2.07	2.2	2.26	2.27	1.88
Indiana	2.08	2.21	2.28	2.32	2.28	2.32
Iowa	1.42	1.4	1.39	1.38	1.4	1.58
Kansas	2.16	2.17	2.25	2.18	1.4	1.62
Kentucky	0.81	0.76	0.82	0.91	0.93	0.94
Louisiana	0.65	0.57	0.49	0.47	0.52	0.56
Maine	0.93	0.87	1.15	0.94	0.99	1.03
Maryland	4.76	6.18	5.7	5.55	5.16	5.9
Massachusetts	5.32	5.15	5.49	6.09	6.95	5.49
Michigan	4.7	4.58	4.9	4.83	4.5	4.13
Minnesota	2.81	2.64	2.99	2.91	2.96	2.55
Mississippi	2.1	0.84	0.95	0.88	0.9	0.84
Missouri	1.4	1.46	1.67	1.63	1.61	1.61
Montana	0.97	1.06	1.06	0.95	2.45	1.12
Nebraska	1.1	1.06	1.1	1.1	1.09	1.16
Nevada	0.66	0.62	0.53	0.64	0.59	0.69
New Hampshire	3.45	3.25	3.31	3.78	3.71	4.25
New Jersey	3.29	3.04	3.47	3.57	4.14	4.28
New Mexico	8.66	7.97	7.77	8.1	7.61	7.65
New York	1.53	1.47	1.47	1.39	1.47	1.49
North Carolina	2.07	1.98	2.06	2.03	2.31	2.13
North Dakota	1.76	2.39	1.16	1.21	1.14	1.61
Ohio	2.13	1.82	1.86	2.08	2.14	2.16
Oklahoma	0.94	0.72	0.67	0.67	0.66	0.68
Oregon	2.94	2.67	2.73	2.56	2.59	2.75
Pennsylvania	2.26	2.34	2.47	2.55	2.54	2.4
Rhode Island	4.46	4.29	4.51	4.31	2.28	2.6
South Carolina	1.26	1.19	1.49	1.45	1.45	1.31
South Dakota	0.54	0.49	0.5	0.59	0.68	0.66
Tennessee	1.5	1.49	1.34	1.38	1.51	1.56
Texas	1.78	1.57	1.63	1.62	1.56	1.69
Utah	2	1.94	2.08	1.94	2.15	2.24
Vermont	2.39	2.49	2.16	2.08	2.22	2.22
Virginia	2.51	2.23	2.4	2.63	2.43	2.85
Washington	4.76	4.24	4.25	4.52	4.63	4.99
West Virginia	1.16	1.07	1.09	0.97	1.14	1.32
Wisconsin	1.86	1.76	1.74	1.8	1.92	2.08
Wyoming	0.52	0.42	0.46	0.42	0.38	0.4