U.S. Patent System and Developing Country Access to Biotechnology: Does the Balance Need Adjusting?
This paper outlines the utilitarian theory and objectives of the U.S. patent system, how the system has been applied to agricultural biotechnology, the “patent thicket” that has resulted, and the general pro-patent orientation of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Link
http://econpapers.repec.org/scripts/redir.pl?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rff.org%2Fdocuments%2FRFF-DP-02-51.pdf;h=repec:rff:dpaper:dp-02-51