intellectual property

The authors study the production of knowledge when many researchers or inventors are involved, in a setting where tensions can arise between individual public and private contributions.

The authors provide theoretical and empirical evidence that suggests milestones, annual payments, and consulting are common because moral hazard, risk sharing, and adverse selection all play a role when embryonic inventions are licensed.

The paper examines how technology transfer among U.S. multinational firms changes in response to a series of intellectual property rights reforms undertaken by 12 countries over the 1982-
1999 period. Analysis of detailed firm-level data reveals that royalty payments for intangibles transferred to affiliates increase at the time of reforms, as do affiliate research and development expenditures and total levels of foreign patent applications.

This report, prepared by the New Zealand Institute of Patent Attorneys for New Zealand Trade and Enterprise, is a guide for the biotechnology and life sciences sectors explaining the nature of IP, how to recognise it, the mechanisms by which the actual rights are obtained and the complexities and limits of protection.

The authors constructed an original database concerning science linkages based on text of Japanese Patent Gazette published since 1994. They discovered that Japanese inventers cite many academic papers in the texts of the patent applications in the Japanese Patent System.

The authors investigate a set of U.S. based companies regarding the effectiveness of intellectual property protection mechanisms in the formation of research partnerships.

The paper attempts to document the emerging perspectives vis-à-vis intellectual property rights in the Indian information technology industry and explore factors that are driving the change in perspectives.

The study attempts to empirically quantify the value of soft information, using a data-base on the market for screenplays. The authors find that hard information (reputation) variables as well as soft information proxies are priced.

The objective of this paper is to provide an in-depth analysis of the patenting performances of six Belgian universities over the period 1985-1999. Results show that KUL is by far the most productive university in Belgium (both in terms of the number of patent applications and the number of forward citations per patent).

According to the authors, patents raise the price and reduce consumption of the patented good, but the resulting deadweight loss is thought to be worth bearing when patent protection is required as an incentive to invention. The newly-invented good generates a residual surplus, making people better off than they would be if the good had not been invented.