entrepreneurship

This paper reveals the importance of a local entrepreneurial university in interfacing competitive advantages, by assuming the condition of most influent and dynamic engine of regional development. In the authors example of the Beira Interior region of Portugal, the University assumes a fundamental role in the design and in the promotion of the proposed set of strategic actions, including the promotion of regional innovation.

This paper describes an educational experiment that illustrates the research and development investment incentives facing firms when technological spillovers are present. The experiment involves two stages in which sellers first make investment decisions then production decisions. The exercise can be used to motivate discussions of research joint ventures, the free-rider problem, collusion, and antitrust policy regarding research and development.

This report investigates the impact of ownership on firm productivity. The authors empirical results suggest that during the 1980s in India industry level factors largely explained variations in entry rates, but that, following the economic federalism brought about by the post-1991 reforms, variations entry rates during the 1990s were explained largely by state level institutional and legacy factors.

The authors construct a data set by industry by state by ownership for establishments in the United States using 1987 and 1992 U.S. Census and Bureau of Economic Analysis matched data to investigate the relationship between foreign ownership and wages. They find evidence that foreign-owned establishments pay higher wages in manufacturing, retail trade, and other relatively low-skill industries, but not in other higher-skill industries. A growth in the fraction of employment in foreign establishments was not significantly associated with an increase in overall wages.

The authors measure the marginal impact of adding business training to a Peruvian village banking program for female microentrepreneurs. Treatment groups received thirty to sixty minute entrepreneurship training sessions during their normal weekly or monthly banking meeting over a period of one to two years. The treatment led to improved business knowledge, practices and revenues. The microfinance institution also had direct benefits through higher repayment and client retention rates.

This article examines the determinants of the decision to become an entrepreneur in Russia, China, and Brazil. Russian and Chinese entrepreneurs are more mobile geographically and across jobs. In Brazil, on the contrary, entrepreneurs are less mobile across jobs and industries. Brazil entrepreneurs have higher trust than non-entrepreneurs, while in Russia and China this is not the case. The study confirms that perceptions of institutional environment are an important determinant of individual decisions to expand business.

Using a sample obtained from a survey conducted in the United States during summer 2002, this paper studies the variables related to observed differences in the rate of entrepreneurial involvement between black and white Americans. We find strong evidence that differences in subjective and often biased perceptions are highly associated with entrepreneurial propensity across these two racial groups.

Using a randomized control trial, this paper measures the marginal impact of adding business training to a Peruvian village banking program for female microentrepreneurs. Treatment groups received thirty to sixty minute entrepreneurship training sessions during their normal weekly or monthly banking meeting over a period of one to two years. Control groups

Based on the empirical evidence from a database consisting of ex-entrepreneurs, this study shows that renascent entrepreneurship is a pervasive phenomenon in current society. Especially entrepreneurial human and social capital induce renascent entrepreneurship, according to the authors. In addition, the nature of the firm exit also affects the probability of renascent entrepreneurship.

New Census Bureau data (from 1997-2002) shows that the number of Asian-American owned businesses grew by 24% while their annual revenues grew by 8 percent (to a total of $326 billion). The growth rate of Asian-owned firms is roughly double the overall US growth rate in new businesses.