r&d

This report characterizes and quantitatively estimates investment in technology infrastructure by the U.S. semiconductor supply chain and the resulting economic benefits to those industries. Whereas previous retrospective studies have examined the economic impacts on various industries of specific NIST research programs, this new analysis represents an initial attempt to quantify the collective contribution of a wide range of measurement-related infrastructure technologies on productivity and growth at the industry level.

The authors investigate if R&D tax incentives and R&D grants improve the innovative performance of manufacturing firms more than tax incentives alone. They find that a combination of the two incentives produces more innovative firms, on average.

This research paper looks at the impact of R&D subsidies on Norwegian firms from the European Union and Norway. Subsidies are labeled as either "close to market" or "far from market", and it is found that "far from market" subsidies stimulate private R&D spending, and "close to market" subsidies substitute for private R&D spending.

This research paper compares the innovative output of firms in the region of Catalonia in Spain that have received a subsidy from a regional government entity. The research finds that firms that receive subsidies gain more value added than firms that do not.

The paper compares two methods of estimating the value of R&D: the more common approach of assuming constant value, and a new approach that accounts for depreciation over time and obsolescence. The author finds significant differences between the two approaches.

This paper aims to examine the role of S&T-based small firms. The authors examine how much S&T that has been accounted for by small firms and how their S&T intensity differs across industries and ownership groups. Our results suggest that small firms in Chinese S&T resemble their role in many other countries.

Uncertainty varies strongly over time, rising by 50% to 100% in recessions and by up to 200% after major economic and political shocks. This paper shows that higher uncertainty reduces the responsiveness of R&D to changes in business conditions - a "caution-effect" - making it more persistent over time. Thus, uncertainty will play a critical role in shaping the dynamics of R&D through the business cycle, and its response to technology policy.