r&d

The paper uses a simple two-firm asymmetric ability multistage R&D race model to analyse the effect of different types of patent policy regimes and licensing arrangement on the speed of innovation, firm value and consumers surplus. The paper demonstrates the circumstances under which a weak patent protection regime, which facilitates free imitation of any intermediate technology, may yield a higher overall surplus than a regime that awards patent for the final innovation.

For the third consecutive year, industrial support of U.S. academic research dropped, according to the InfoBrief from the National Science Foundation. The 2.6 percent decrease in fiscal year 2004 from the previous year is the sharpest yet in the three-year trend, following a 1.1 percent reduction in FY 2003 and 1.6 percent in FY 2002.

This paper concerns offshore R&D investments, focusing mainly on large multinational companies within the industrialized world. The authors examine the following questions: What do we know about offshore R&D activities regarding trends, scope and destinations, driving forces and constraints? and; What do we know about consequences for the R&D investing company, as well as for national systems of innovation, regional R&D
externalities, agglomeration and urban economies of home and host countries as well?

The report provides a variety of basic statistical indicators of R&D effort and identifies recent trends in sources of R&D funding. The report also reviews classic arguments on the appropriate role of government in supporting R&D and the strengths and weaknesses of universities as performers of R&D. The U.S. national innovation system is compared with those in other major industrialized countries.

The authors draw upon historical evidence from several countries and contemporary studies of national innovation systems to argue that indigenous systems of academic training and public research have been in the past important elements of the institutional structures supporting a country’s economic catch up.

Using firm-level longitudinal data in Japan, this paper asks why many firms can achieve high productivity growth without any R&D investments. The effects of international R&D spillovers are much stronger than those of intranational spillovers. Even firms in developed countries like Japan have benefit from international R&D spillovers.

The authors address the manifold nature of knowledge through the analysis of four distinct but complementary phenomena (Internet hyperlinks, European research networks, EPO co-patent applications, Erasmus students mobility) that characterize knowledge as an intrinsic relational structure (directly) connecting people, institutions and (indirectly) regions across five European countries.

Contrary to popular belief, it is intellectual capital and university collaboration, not just lower costs, that primarily attract companies to locate R&D activities in locations away from their home country, according to the report. Among the studys more surprising findings, according to the researchers, was the role university collaboration plays in the decision-making process for locating R&D facilities.

In this paper, the authors analyze the relationship between cost-effectiveness measures and the degree of surplus appropriation by innovators driving dynamic efficiency.

This paper portrays the characteristics of Finnish biotechnology SMEs that have their origin in academic research conducted in universities or other comparable research institutions.